1.Which period of Medieval history is known as Dark ages? Why?
The period from the 5th to 11th centuries in Europe is known as the Dark Ages. This period was known as the Dark Ages because of the following reasons:
a) There was no peace and security due to continuous wars.
b) There was a decline in trade.
c) People had no time for education.
d) Education was limited to religious centres and monasteries.
e) Feudalism existed and the peasants were treated badly.
f) Europe was cut off from the Arab world and deprived of the knowledge and culture of the Arabs.
2.What is feudalism?
The word ‘feudalism’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘feudum’ which means ‘fief’ or ‘a piece of land’ which is granted to a person in return for his services. Emergence of feudalism was one of the major changes took place in Europe after the disintegration of Roman Empire.
The land was distributed by Kings or Lords to aristocrats called Vassals. They in turn provided the King or the Lord with soldiers who were known as Knights. The land was given for cultivation by Vassals to peasants known as Serfs. The Serfs were not free to choose their occupation.
3.What were the factors that led to the decline of feudalism?
The factors that led to the decline of feudalism were:
a) a). Crusades or holy wars.
b) b). Revival of trade with The East and growth of new towns and cities.
c) New opportunities for the serfs to work in the cities.
4. Write an essay on feudalism What was its impact?
The word feudalism has been derived from the Latin word ‘feudum’ which means ‘fief’ or ‘a piece of land’ which is granted to a person in return for his services.
Europe was organized into units of land called manors, owned and ruled by the lords and by the church. Such land was given by the king or the Lord to the officers instead of cash salaries. It was also given to others whom the King wish to reward. This was done by the rulers to get the support of groups of powerful warriors to protect their kingdoms from enemies.
Those who were given land by the King or the Lord were known as Vassals. In return for the land, the Vassals provided the ruler with a fixed number of soldiers called Knights(armed horsemen) for a certain number of days each year.
The land given to vassals was cultivated by the peasants called Serfs. The serfs were attached to the land and could not change their jobs or move to another area. They cultivated the lands of their vassals and in return received a part of the crop. The vassals took the maximum share leaving a little for the serfs to maintain their families. Though the serfs were not slaves, they were treated badly by their masters. They formed the largest and the lowest social group in medieval European society.
Impact of feudalism
In the medieval age , Europe had no police system, civil services or judiciary. The only system that worked was feudal system which protected the people from lawlessness and disorder. The feudal lords used to impose taxes on the peasants, maintain law and order and serve as judges.
The feudal system had the following results:
a) a). Gradually the vassals became a class of powerful local rulers and began to rule their
b) fiefs like kings.This greatly reduced the authority of kings.
c) The position of the serfs deteriorated under the powerful vassals who exploited
them.
d) Knights decided the results of war.
Fill in the blanks.
1 .The medieval period in Europe stretched from------------to -------------.
2. ------------- provided military service to the King.
3 . ------------- formed the lowest rung of the feudal order.
4. .A piece of land given on condition of feudal service is a -----------.
5. The -------------- fight for the king or the lord in return for a fief.
6.. -------------- were exploited by vassals.
7.. In Europe medieval period is also referred to as -------------------.
8. .---------------- is a social system in which the king shared power with the nobility in return for military service.
9.. The medieval period began in India in --------------.
10. .Europe was organized into units of land called ------------.
11. Feudum means --------------.
12.. -------------- began to decline by the 13th century.
13 .-------------- were given fief by the king or lord in return of military service.
14 ---------- form the largest and lowest social group in medieval European society.
15.. Land was given by the king or lord to officers instead of ------------------.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Monday, June 14, 2010
2 Medieval Age
Madhuvan Sai Vidyashram School
Std VII History Notes
Module 2 Medieval Age
1. Which period of History is known as Medieval Age?
The period between ancient and modern period is known as Medieval period. The word ‘ Medieval’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘Medium aevum’ which means ‘time in the middle’. Though the division of history into periods varies from one country to another, generally the historians have taken the time period between 8th century AD to 18th century AD as the medieval age.
2. Write a note on changes in the medieval period?
During the medieval period a number of changes took place in society, religion, economy, culture and language, that were quite different from ancient period and it heralded the beginning of the modern age.these changes did not take place suddenly, they happened over a period of time. Infact some of these changes began earlier than the 8th century AD.However historians have taken a general view of these changes and have concluded that the new phase began in the 8th century AD.
3. Mention 2 changes that took place in medieval age?
The emergence and spread of two major religions- Islam and Christianity during the medieval period had a major impact on the social, political and economic structure of the period
4. Write a short essay on medieval age in India.
Some significant changes that took place during medieval age are as follows.
1. This period was marked by the absence of a powerful Central Government. The country was divided into a number of small states which were constantly at war with one another. The political disunity provided the foreigners with an opportunity to invade India.
2. The period saw the emergence of feudalism, though it was quite different from the European feudalism. In the post-Gupta period, land grants were given not only to the priests and temples but also to Zamindars. These landed beneficiaries had extensive powers to collect taxes and run the administration.
3. The caste system had become rigid and complex with the emergence of a number of sub-castes or mixed castes during this period .A number of restrictions were imposed on eating and drinking habits of people.
4. The concept of ‘bhakti’ or complete surrender to god, became a significant feature of medieval religion, especially in South India.
5. This period saw the birth of Islam in India .The growth of Sufism , originated in Persia , as an inter-religious cult was one of the major events in the medieval age.
6.The Turkish rule introduced many significant changes in the social, political and economic organisation of the country.
Std VII History Notes
Module 2 Medieval Age
1. Which period of History is known as Medieval Age?
The period between ancient and modern period is known as Medieval period. The word ‘ Medieval’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘Medium aevum’ which means ‘time in the middle’. Though the division of history into periods varies from one country to another, generally the historians have taken the time period between 8th century AD to 18th century AD as the medieval age.
2. Write a note on changes in the medieval period?
During the medieval period a number of changes took place in society, religion, economy, culture and language, that were quite different from ancient period and it heralded the beginning of the modern age.these changes did not take place suddenly, they happened over a period of time. Infact some of these changes began earlier than the 8th century AD.However historians have taken a general view of these changes and have concluded that the new phase began in the 8th century AD.
3. Mention 2 changes that took place in medieval age?
The emergence and spread of two major religions- Islam and Christianity during the medieval period had a major impact on the social, political and economic structure of the period
4. Write a short essay on medieval age in India.
Some significant changes that took place during medieval age are as follows.
1. This period was marked by the absence of a powerful Central Government. The country was divided into a number of small states which were constantly at war with one another. The political disunity provided the foreigners with an opportunity to invade India.
2. The period saw the emergence of feudalism, though it was quite different from the European feudalism. In the post-Gupta period, land grants were given not only to the priests and temples but also to Zamindars. These landed beneficiaries had extensive powers to collect taxes and run the administration.
3. The caste system had become rigid and complex with the emergence of a number of sub-castes or mixed castes during this period .A number of restrictions were imposed on eating and drinking habits of people.
4. The concept of ‘bhakti’ or complete surrender to god, became a significant feature of medieval religion, especially in South India.
5. This period saw the birth of Islam in India .The growth of Sufism , originated in Persia , as an inter-religious cult was one of the major events in the medieval age.
6.The Turkish rule introduced many significant changes in the social, political and economic organisation of the country.
Sunday, June 6, 2010
1. PERIODISATION OF HISTORY
Madhuvan Sai Vidyashram School
STD VII HISTROY NOTES
1. PERIODISATION OF HISTORY
What is periodisation of History ? Or Explain Periodisation of History ?
History is a vast subject which cannot be studied in toto. So for convenience it is devided into three periods, namely ANCIENT ,MEDIEVAL and MODERN. This is called periodisation of History.
Fill up the blanks
In periodisation of History …………………… period is the earliest. (ancient )
…………….. period is the last one on our historical time scale. (Modern)
A brief note on periodaisation of History.
Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide time into named blocks. The result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a useful handle on periods of time with relatively stable characteristics. History is a vast subject which cannot be studied in toto. So for convenience it is devided into three periods, namely ANCIENT ,MEDIEVAL and MODERN. This is called periodisation of History. However, determining the precise beginning and ending to any "period" is often a matter of debate. Ancient period is the earliest and modern period is the last one on our historical time scale. Medieval period lies in between the two. Each period covers several centuries and has its own distinctive features.
A matter of debate : a bone of contention
STD VII HISTROY NOTES
1. PERIODISATION OF HISTORY
What is periodisation of History ? Or Explain Periodisation of History ?
History is a vast subject which cannot be studied in toto. So for convenience it is devided into three periods, namely ANCIENT ,MEDIEVAL and MODERN. This is called periodisation of History.
Fill up the blanks
In periodisation of History …………………… period is the earliest. (ancient )
…………….. period is the last one on our historical time scale. (Modern)
A brief note on periodaisation of History.
Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide time into named blocks. The result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a useful handle on periods of time with relatively stable characteristics. History is a vast subject which cannot be studied in toto. So for convenience it is devided into three periods, namely ANCIENT ,MEDIEVAL and MODERN. This is called periodisation of History. However, determining the precise beginning and ending to any "period" is often a matter of debate. Ancient period is the earliest and modern period is the last one on our historical time scale. Medieval period lies in between the two. Each period covers several centuries and has its own distinctive features.
A matter of debate : a bone of contention
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